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For many years, in the command in
head of the army department

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Antarctica, important and
patients studies to specify a

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exceptional plan. Go by land to the
general base Bergano and the south pole.

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The expedition leadership was
entrusted to Colonel Jorge Edgar Leal,

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taking the captain as second in command
Gustavo Adolfo Giró, and made up of

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men perfectly selected by
your Antarctic experience.

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The studies had the
collaboration of the Navy and the

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Military Aeronautics.

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The territory of Antarctica Argentina
It has an approximate area of 1,230

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,000 square kilometers, almost half
of the surface of the American part

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of our country, which is 2,900,000
square kilometers. These figures are

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pointing out the extraordinary importance
of the Argentine Antarctic sector.

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Army specialized workshops
They worked actively, building the

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sleighs, preparing the equipment,
adjusting the tractors and packing the

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provisions that would be consumed during the
how long the company will last.

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Simultaneously, the technical institutes
They prepared the instruments, which were

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would use in observations
scientific activities to be carried out during the

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expedition in the Antarctic territory,
since they were one of the

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fundamental objectives of said trip.

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of sailing for five days enduring
storms typical of the southern seas,

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the icebreaker general San Martín above
to Ushuaia, where it is resupplied by

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last time before trying
penetration to the Belgrano base, the most

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southern part of our country within the
Argentine Antarctic sector. The plane

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for recognition,
personnel provisions, fuel

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and the traction elements and
maintenance are carefully

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conditioned in the ship on the eve of
departure to Antarctica.

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All studies carried out during
months and months, all the forecasts

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taken to ensure the success of this
risky expedition, they are already on their way

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operational. The time has come for
put patients into practice

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studies carried out.

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The icebreaker General San sails
Martin.

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His beech is left behind.

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The bow stacks towards the most feared of
the seas, the Drake Passage.

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Then, to meet the greats
icebergs, represent a constant

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danger to navigation.

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the tremendous obstacles the ship reaches
the general belgrano base that will be the center

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of operations of the polar expedition of
work begins immediately

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unloading of material from tractors
They make contact with him for the first time

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terrain where they must act from now on
the powerful tractors are put into operation

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marches carrying to the base all the
supply planned for the

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wintering and polar expedition here
It can be said that the real beginning

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adventure calculations are left behind
and projects Men and machines

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face the panorama where
will develop its future activity. Each

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one knows that unforeseen events await
obstacles that will make your

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task. But each one carries within himself
the unalterable decision to overcome it.

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When the storm subsides, the men
They come out of the underground houses of the

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base and by force of shovel they recover the
materials that have been covered by

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a thick layer of snow.

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Intense cold temperatures of more than 50 and 60 degrees
Celsius below zero.

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The unusual force of the winds almost
constants make difficult the already difficult

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tasks to be done.

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But these men have picked up the
experience from previous campaigns and

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They know their obligation.

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All the facilities that make up the
general base Belgrano how to be...

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House, workshops, warehouses,
hangars, etc., are totally and

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permanently buried under the
ice.

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These facilities distant from each other,
about 50 meters away, they intercommunicate

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through tunnels dug in it
ice, tunnels that in turn serve to

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store all the elements that
they make up the provisions of one or more

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base years.

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This is how we see them leaving their hangars
subways, tractors, sleds and

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airplanes.

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The most important objective set for the
provision of this general base belgrano

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It was the installation of a base
secondary operations that should

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be located at the foot of the climb to the plateau
polar, about 500 kilometers from the base

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and preferably on the 40th meridian.

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To carry out this ordered operation
As a mission it was essential to study the

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suitable installation location, for
which was designated a patrol

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recognition to the command of the captain
Gustavo Giró.

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This patrol had three tractors
Snowcat and a Cessna C-180 aircraft

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army. This machine, commanded by
Lieutenant Acosta and Assistant Sergeant

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Muñoz, ventured and recognized even the
83 degrees south latitude.

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These explorations were of great
courage for the assault on the South Pole.

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After this patrol they would have
happen four more with materials and

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supplies for the installation of
the planned base, carrying in total

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100,000 kilograms of payload.

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The month is January 1965.

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It is the spearhead of this important
flat.

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Seeing the predetermined course, the caravan
advances across the frozen plain towards the

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foot of the flat plateau.

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They have to cover about 300 kilometers,
subjected to low temperatures and strong

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temporary. The reconnaissance plane
accompanies them during the journey

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these latitudes, where the distances
They seem sensitive.

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That strange caterpillar motorcycle
ice, which demonstrates the agility for its

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displacement and low consumption
fuel, is due to the ingenuity of the

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army personnel and was used
for basic tasks in jobs

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previous.

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When you finally arrive at the objective, you begin
immediately the task of installing the

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army advanced scientific base
to the Pérez de Navío Sobral, so called in

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tribute to the first Argentine who there
In 1902 he wintered in the

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Antarctica. Tents are erected for the
personnel, workshops, and the

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meteorological observation equipment.

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It is a task that requires effort
tremendous. They have to overcome the anger

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from wind and snow storms.

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some of which forces them to
remain inactive for days, such

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the unleashed force of the winds
ice creams in which the temperature fluctuates

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at 50 degrees Celsius below zero.

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The month of April 1965 arrives and one of
men suffer the effects of

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bloody cold Deputy Sergeant Sonny
He has frozen one foot.

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First Lieutenant Doctor Thomas
considers that man should be

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transferred for treatment to base
Belgian general

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because you run the risk of having to
amputate and the means there are precarious.

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Captain Gio, considering that the
night is polar, it is close and the

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risk of being isolated by
darkness would aggravate the situation,

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He arranged with his men to accelerate the
Base construction pace.

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The staff redoubled their efforts.

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On April 2, 1965,

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the flag was already waving majestically
Argentina at the top of the raised mast

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on a sobral basis, at 81 degrees
south latitude and only a thousand kilometers from

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southern vertex of our country, the
South Pole.

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It was a real race against
time that this staff freed to

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achieve the installation of the base that
would serve as support for the expedition of the

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Colonel Leal.

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This effort should be highlighted as
tribute to the men who had to

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accomplish the task in such a hostile environment.

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The return to the
Belgrano general base of the thickness of the

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detachment, remaining in Sobral one
crew of four men to carry out

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scientific observation tasks
related to the expedition.

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One of the main steps planned
The plan had been fulfilled.

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After the polar night, up to the base
General Belgrano, the head of the

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expedition, Colonel Jorge Edgar Leal, to
aboard a DC-3 aircraft of the Force

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Argentine Airlines, an experienced and
brave crew, was in command of the

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Commander Olesa, and that immediately
later they would accomplish the feat of

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transpolar flight.

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Colonel Leal takes command of the group
in all his tasks. Captain Giraud,

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head of general belgrano base,
reports everything done up to

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present, including also the
aerial reconnaissance carried out.

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It should be noted that the capacity and expertise
of Captain Giraud and his men had

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reduced the planned time of 12 months
for pre-shipment tasks

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just 4 months of work.

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In turn, this would make it possible to reduce
one year... the total amount of time

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considered for polar expedition
Argentina.

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The big day has arrived. In the workshops
underground witch the engines of the

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tractors to once again check their
optimal functioning.

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There is the nervousness of all imminent
departure.

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The load on the sleds is conditioned,
drums with gasoline, drawers with

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spare parts and supplies, as well as
equipment in general. Everything you need

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for the 3,000 kilometer march to
be realized.

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Completed the last details and
depending on weather conditions

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propitious, the staff receives orders to
prepare everything for the game.

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It is October 26, 1965.

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Ten rigorously selected men
They said goodbye to their colleagues

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They will remain at the Belgrano general base.

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Integrate six tractors in the column
Snowcat, high power machines

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drag and lift on snow and
20 cargo sleds.

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A patrol participates in the expedition
of dog sleds under the command of the

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Lieutenant Goetz and made up of
First Sergeant Villar, First Corporal

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Álvarez and First Corporal Guzmán. This
patrol...

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He accompanied the assault group until he was 83
degrees of southern latitude and had as

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specific mission to explore towards the
west and collect geological samples of

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the region.

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A tractor is trapped in the
icy fissure. You have to do hard work

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efforts to remove the vehicle from this
critical situation.

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Men and machines have to work
roped together to avoid

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unforeseeable accidents
consequences, because you never know what

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breadth and depth can have a
crack. And so...

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for miles and miles.

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The stress of constant danger subdues
men to a very harsh test.

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On November 4, the expedition reaches
the Sobral base, where they are received with

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the enthusiasm that is logical to assume...

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by the four men who
They had been posted there.

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At this base they resupply with food and
fuels, while the

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plans for the big final assault.

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Vehicle tracks are
practically disassembled to ensure

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its correct operation.

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In the workshop tent, the vehicles are
subjected to detailed control of

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maintenance. There is no pause for these
men.

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Mark the route of the last stage
towards the south pole.

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Hurricane storms and the ambush
deviousness of the cracks will accompany them to

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all along the way.

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Cracks capable of swallowing the patrol
whole.

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Cracks that force you to test the ground
meter by meter.

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But despite storms and cold
tremendous and deep cracks, here they go

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for the Pampa Blanca ten wills
Creoles in pursuit of their goal.

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If no difficulties arise and
unpredictable consequences, expected

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cover the route in just over a
month of march. The rhythm will not impose it,

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Of course, the speed of the
vehicles.

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The rhythm will be imposed by the terrain and the
ability to avoid cracks and

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strength of the storms that will be unleashed
in its path.

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And the crack is there, cunningly
hidden.

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The caravan stops.

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This time, the depth of the fissure
Frost is awesome.

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The situation is compromised for the
machine. A skill is necessary

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greater to overcome the inconvenience and
recover the valuable vehicle.

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They are operating in an area of great
cracks. And here the extremes must be taken

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precautions. The land must be
tested with special care.

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The efforts of men give their
fruits and the tractor can resume

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march.

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Now there are two sleds trapped, one
of them in critical situation.

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It is immediately downloaded
to later act on his rescue.

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Slowly the vehicle pulls
rope. The sleigh situation is very

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criticism. Finally he falls destroyed
bottom of the abyss

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8 of the 20 sleds were lost.
cargo that left general base

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belgrano. Some were buried
hundreds of meters deep.

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The march slowed, the column continues
inexorable course towards the south pole.

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Upon reaching 83 degrees latitude
south, Lieutenant Goetz's patrol

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00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:20,880
separates from the assault group, as it was
planned, to head west to

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carry out topographic measurements and
collect geological samples, returning

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then by own means to the base
Sobral.

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00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:41,010
Meanwhile, a few more kilometers
forward, The machined column must

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face more difficult sections.

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00:19:43,230 --> 00:19:47,230
Large mounds of ice in the shape of
steps, some of them with heights

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six feet tall, and known for the
Antarctic terminology such as sastruguis,

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they made desperately slow
march, at the same time that the sleighs of

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00:19:55,610 --> 00:19:57,870
drag, debris was left in the
way.

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There was no doubt that continuing like this
it would be of no use to the tractors and the

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00:20:03,190 --> 00:20:06,350
men's expertise if it was not counted
with drag sleds

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transport fuel.

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that these had to consume during their
march.

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Approximately 600 kilometers from
ground was like that.

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And of the 20 sleds, because there was
left the Belgian base, only 6 would arrive

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to the south pole in poor condition.

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00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,440
at 2,000 meters above sea level
from the sea, the storms come

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00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:55,900
present more frequently and greatly
intensity.

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00:20:56,240 --> 00:21:01,100
At this time of year, the patrol goes
enduring 40 degrees Celsius below

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zero at those latitudes.

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00:21:02,740 --> 00:21:07,240
However, the tremendous conditions
environmental, difficulties and

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00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:11,620
accidents of the terrain do not militate the
spirit of these men hardened in the

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tough discipline of overcoming obstacles. Ya
They knew they had a task ahead of them.

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00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:17,980
exhausting and risky.

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00:21:18,300 --> 00:21:22,900
but they are encouraged by the faith to win and the
obligation of a duty to fulfill.

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00:23:07,050 --> 00:23:11,270
It should be noted that the scientific mission
that the expedition had to fulfill

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required observations of
different character every 20 kilometers of the

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tour. To do this, he had to stop the
march for periods ranging from

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00:23:19,390 --> 00:23:21,350
20 minutes up to 4 hours.

226
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Scientific and technical tasks
polar were one of the objectives

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fundamentals of this expedition.

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00:23:27,690 --> 00:23:32,290
Experiences on pathophysiology
of the cold that will determine the

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00:23:32,290 --> 00:23:34,110
human behavior in these
latitudes.

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00:23:34,670 --> 00:23:38,810
On geology, to establish the
frozen subsoil conditions. Of

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00:23:38,810 --> 00:23:43,050
meteorology, of capital importance
for weather forecasts. About

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00:23:43,050 --> 00:23:46,330
gravimetry, to establish the
true profile of the continent

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00:23:46,330 --> 00:23:51,310
Antarctic. About geomagnetism, for
fix the presence of minerals. and about

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00:23:51,310 --> 00:23:55,370
glaciology, to determine the
accumulation and displacement of

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00:23:55,370 --> 00:23:56,370
ice masses.

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00:23:56,650 --> 00:24:00,110
They cooperated for the development of
scientific activities, contributing

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00:24:00,110 --> 00:24:02,550
instruments and technical training of the
staff.

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00:24:03,210 --> 00:24:07,070
the Argentine Antarctic Institute,
fiscal oil fields,

239
00:24:07,230 --> 00:24:11,910
National Meteorological Service and
Military Geographic Institute. These

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00:24:11,910 --> 00:24:16,090
very important studies, whose
results will be a transcendent contribution

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00:24:16,090 --> 00:24:20,650
from Argentina to world science,
they carried out during the entire march of anger

242
00:24:20,650 --> 00:24:21,650
and return.

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00:24:49,100 --> 00:24:53,360
The caravan is slowly approaching
towards its goal, the South Pole.

244
00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:58,100
The month of December runs and the column
has reached 3,000 meters high

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00:24:58,100 --> 00:24:59,720
of the polar shelf.

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00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:03,480
It is their last camp on the journey
gone

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00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:08,460
Navigating surveyors, according to their
calculations, ensure that the pole is at

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00:25:08,460 --> 00:25:10,720
just 44 kilometers from the camp.

249
00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:15,280
One last rest and then start
the assault on the pole.

250
00:25:17,060 --> 00:25:18,200
We have seen...

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00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:22,660
Through these projections, how
It is difficult to materialize a company

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00:25:22,660 --> 00:25:27,580
of this nature. To demonstrate it a
once again, just remember the last day of

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00:25:27,580 --> 00:25:29,660
starts when the column starts
movement.

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00:25:30,120 --> 00:25:35,920
Visibility in a distance of 40
kilometers was only 200 meters.

255
00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:38,660
You could barely see it from tractor to tractor.

256
00:25:39,140 --> 00:25:44,300
We can almost assure that the expedition
reached the south pole to stores.

257
00:25:58,920 --> 00:26:05,880
They have climbed 3000 meters in 45 days of
march. The graph shows us the

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00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:08,540
most difficult part of the entire route.

259
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:18,000
It is 9 in the morning on the 10th
December 1965.

260
00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:22,220
The pole is in sight.

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00:26:24,120 --> 00:26:26,840
The flag planted by the head of the
expedition...

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00:26:27,310 --> 00:26:30,850
It signals the end of the effort is a
true feat.

263
00:26:31,210 --> 00:26:36,550
In the long-awaited goal there are only 10
men, but they represent many more

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00:26:36,550 --> 00:26:39,610
that are linked to this Argentine success.

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00:27:20,270 --> 00:27:24,910
The exciting ceremony of raising the
flag of the country at the top of the mast

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00:27:24,910 --> 00:27:30,070
raised right in the center of the pole
South condenses all efforts

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00:27:30,070 --> 00:27:31,070
past

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00:27:41,470 --> 00:27:45,130
There are the ten of the feat.

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00:27:45,450 --> 00:27:49,150
Ten Creole soldiers to remember.

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00:27:50,190 --> 00:27:51,630
Colonel Jorge Leal.

271
00:27:52,530 --> 00:27:54,490
Captain Gustavo Giró.

272
00:27:58,290 --> 00:28:01,710
Its main officer, Ricardo Cepi.

273
00:28:04,930 --> 00:28:07,790
Assistant Sergeant, Julio Ortiz.

274
00:28:10,870 --> 00:28:13,650
Assistant Sergeant, Alfredo Pérez.

275
00:28:16,510 --> 00:28:19,370
Assistant Sergeant, Jorge Rodríguez.

276
00:28:21,770 --> 00:28:24,590
Assistant Sergeant Roberto Carrión.

277
00:28:27,890 --> 00:28:30,650
First Sergeant Adolfo Moreno.

278
00:28:33,470 --> 00:28:36,270
First Sergeant Domingo Zacarías.

279
00:28:39,730 --> 00:28:42,210
Corporal Ramón Alfonso.

280
00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:05,780
Operation 90 to the south pole is
fulfilled.